翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Economy of the Cucuteni–Trypillian culture ・ Economy of the Czech Republic ・ Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ・ Economy of the Dominican Republic ・ Economy of the Drôme department ・ Economy of the Empire of Brazil ・ Economy of the European Union ・ Economy of the Falkland Islands ・ Economy of the Faroe Islands ・ Economy of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas ・ Economy of the Federated States of Micronesia ・ Economy of the Gambia ・ Economy of the German Democratic Republic ・ Economy of the Habsburg Monarchy ・ Economy of the Han dynasty ・ Economy of the Hoysala Empire ・ Economy of the Iroquois ・ Economy of the Isle of Man ・ Economy of the Kingdom of Mysore ・ Economy of the Maldives ・ Economy of the Marshall Islands ・ Economy of the Maya civilization ・ Economy of the Middle East ・ Economy of the Ming dynasty ・ Economy of the Mongolian People's Republic ・ Economy of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic ・ Economy of the Netherlands ・ Economy of the Netherlands Antilles ・ Economy of the Netherlands from 1500-1700 ・ Economy of the Northern Mariana Islands Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Economy of the Hoysala Empire ： ウィキペディア英語版 Economy of the Hoysala Empire (詳細はSouth Indian Kannadiga empire that ruled most of the modern-day state of Karnataka between the 10th to the 14th centuries. The capital of the empire was initially based at Belur, and later transferred to Halebidu. Economy of Hoysala empire was primarily based on agriculture though business within India as well as foreign trade flourished to some extent. ==Agriculture== The administration sustained itself through agriculture.〔''A Concise History of Karnataka'', p. 132, Dr. S.U. Kamath〕 Land grants were made by the kings to religious beneficiaries like Brahmins, Jains and persons rewarded for services rendered to the king. The type of land grant was generally wetland which was already under cultivation. This was popular in the fertile river valleys of the Tungabhadra and Kaveri. In addition, clearing of forests for cultivation was viewed favourably as it not only brought new sources of revenue but also created job opportunities for the landless and introduced forest dwellers to a more agrarian life style. Whenever land was cleared for cultivation, it was on a large scale. Knowledge of agriculture included assessing irrigation systems like tanks, reservoirs with sluices, canals and wells which were built and maintained at the expense of local villagers. The more impressive irrigation tanks such as ''Vishnusagara'', ''Shantisagara'', ''Ballalarayasagara'' were created at the expense of the state.〔Dr. S.U. Kamath, ''A Concise History of Karnataka'', p. 132〕 Irrespective of whether the expense and control came from local or state bodies, organizing labour to till the land was taken up at the village and across village levels and the job of cultivation was largely that of the landless. The highlands (''malnad'' regions) with its favorable climate was suitable for cattle farming, orchards and spices. Paddy and corn were staple crops in the plains (''Bailnad''). In Kannada country, key figures in rural areas were the rich land owners called ''gavunda'' or ''gauda'' and ''heggade''.〔Dr. Romila Thapar, The Penguin History of Early India, p. 378〕 They are mentioned in inscriptions relating to land transactions, maintenance of irrigation, collection of taxes and works of village council. The ''gavunda'' of people (''praja gavunda'') was lower in status than the wealthy lord of ''gavundas'' (''prabhu gavunda''). The ''gavundas'' sometimes had a dual role as village representatives and appointees of the state. Some judicial responsibilities were also included like raising a militia if required. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of the Hoysala Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.